Michael Dukes has done a lot of studies in Florida water conservation. But after all the research, the 1990 Indian River High School graduate has now been recognized for making real-world advances in agriculture, currently through “smart” home irrigation systems.
Dukes recently won the 2016 John Deere Gold Medal Award from the American Society of Agricultural & Biological Engineers (ASABE).
The award dates back to at least the 1930s, “recognizing distinguished achievement in the application of science and art to the soil,” sponsored by the John Deere Foundation.
It’s one of three ASABE’s gold medals given each year, the highlight of the Annual International Meeting Awards Luncheon at Orlando, Fla.
Dukes is an irrigation specialist and research professor at the University of Florida in Gainesville, Fla.
Hailing from Roxana, Dukes grew up around agriculture, with relatives who were farmers, a mother in poultry processing and a father in poultry house installation/repairs.
Surrounded by agriculture, but loving math and science, he bounced around a few engineering pathways at University of Delaware before settling into agricultural engineering, which he said was satisfyingly hands-on and down-to-earth.
“They were doing things I could relate to, being a kid [in the country]. We had labs where we drove tractors,” which was a familiar atmosphere, with his own roots.
“My department is agricultural and biological engineering,” Dukes said. “I try to think of it as … the non-human biological engineering, so plants, animals, foods, fuel, fiber…”
After finishing his doctorate at North Carolina State University, he got a teaching gig at UF around 2001, but his irrigation research and extension responsibilities have taken precedence.
“Basically, when I got here in Florida, in 2001, the state was coming out of a multi-year drought,” and the housing market was ramping up, which called for a new trend: green yards, regardless of weather conditions.
“When I grew up, people didn’t irrigate their grass. … Now it’s very common in new development. You almost — you have to go out of your way not to see it,” Dukes said.
But that’s a lot of drinking water being diverted from the tap. He was asked to find a more efficient method of irrigation.
As director of the Center for Landscape Conservation & Ecology, he led a multidisciplinary team to research water conservation and efficient irrigation, focusing on landscape irrigation.
They eventually created a smart irrigation controller that reduces water use.
They studied soil moisture sensors and irrigation systems — first in the lab, then in actual back yards. Partnering with irrigation companies, the researchers created smart devices that use soil moisture data sensors to “kind of let the plants” tell the irrigation system when to run.
“‘Do these devices even work?’ and the answer was yes. If they work, under what conditions can we optimize usage?” Dukes said.
It all culminated in a multi-year project still ongoing in Orange County, Fla. Through the college’s extension program, they began educating the broader public. They weren’t commercial products, originally. But they are now.
The rain sensor and smart controls reduced water usage by anywhere from 15 to 70 percent per year, per home, according to Dukes’ colleague and award nominator, Kati Migliaccio.
That’s tens of thousands of gallons per house.
“At the present [population] growth rate, they’re … going to run out of traditional supplies of water. One of the least expensive ways [to prevent water shortage] is conservation,” Dukes said of the state.
His team didn’t necessary invent anything but instead put pieces together.
“Our work has really been applying them in the right way and optimizing them,” Dukes said. “The idea has been around for decades, to use these type of applications. … But it’s not until the last 10 to 20 years that the technology’s been cheap enough it’s been miniaturized.”
That’s especially important in urban areas, with water in high demand.
This research is being used in real-world ways, for training and publications “that have been used to train hundreds of stakeholders and industry professional across the region,” according to ASABE.
More importantly, four counties in Florida have “implemented a permitting policy that provides incentives for use of smart irrigation control technologies with irrigation systems.”
As a leading expert, Dukes has been elected to many leadership positions in his field, noted Migliaccio, a professor of agricultural and biological engineering.
“He is the contact for expert opinion by researchers, municipalities, agencies and extension faculty on urban smart irrigation technologies for irrigation and application of these technologies in residential properties,” Migliaccio wrote in her nomination.
That much work isn’t without side projects. Dukes has earned two patents and written or co-written hundreds of journal articles, book chapters and conference proceeding papers.
Other career awards include the Irrigation Foundation Excellence in Education award, the University of Florida Research Foundation Professorship (2010 to 2012), the ASABE Young Extension Worker award and induction to the Water Institute of the University of Florida as a faculty fellow.
Founded in 1907 and headquartered in Michigan, “The American Society of Agricultural & Biological Engineers is an educational and scientific organization dedicated to the advancement of engineering applicable to agricultural, food and biological systems.”
Dukes said he was very surprised to win what he described as a “career award.”
“It’s a great honor to be recognized by my peers for such a prestigious award,” and a great teaching opportunity, too, he said, as he brought several students to the conference.
Dukes thanked his parents “for instilling in me a good strong work ethic”; his various mentors and professors, including a doctoral studies advisor who he said “re-instilled” his work ethic; and the students and staff who have come through his programs.
“This award’s not just me. No one does anything alone,” he said. “So if it wasn’t for them, I wouldn’t have enjoyed the success that I’ve had.”
As for the future of agriculture engineering, Dukes said he is glad to hear about the popular agri-science program at Indian River High School. The word “agriculture” doesn’t generally conjure up glamorous images, but the field today is tremendously scientific, with studies of genetic engineering, genetic modification, “big data,” unmanned vehicles and precision agriculture.
“There’s plenty of good career option for students in agriculture,” Dukes said, “and I would encourage students to broaden their horizons and keep an open mind.”